Daily Current Affairs Update: 5 FEB 2023

How human disturbance can alter habitats, routines of animals

A new finding on animal behaviours

• An animal must be at the right place, at the right time, to avoid predators, find food, and reproduce successfully
• As an analogy: The interactions between the animals in a given ecosystem are like a theatrical production. For the production to be a success, each actor has to be on stage, in the right place, and they must act and deliver their lines at the right time.

Threats

• As per the new study, human activities might disturb these ecological interactions and increase interspecies encounters.
• Impact of farms: Wild animals of different species were more likely to come to human-altered landscapes, like farms than in more undisturbed locations, such as national forests.
• Frequent interaction can lead to intensifying competition for resources or increasing the risk of interspecies disease transmission.
• Even when the animals do not come face-to-face, simply hearing or smelling a predator can have “dramatic effects” on the behaviours of prey species

What is an ecological niche?

• In ecology, the term “niche” describes the role an organism plays in a community.
• Ants may be unable to adapt to global warming, leaving them highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
• The insects are cold-blooded creatures, also called ectotherms. Their body temperatures depend on external sources like sunlight. Humans (endotherms), on the other hand, maintain their body temperature without relying on the environment.
• Ants are often called “ecosystem’s engineers”. These insects move the soil during nest-building and foraging, affecting the level of nutrients in it.